All About Shavuot

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7 x 7 + 1 = 50

Seven weeks of seven days plus one day equals fifty days

Fifty days after Passover comes the feast of Shavuot. This is the moad of freedom, of revelation, of baking two loaves of bread, and of receiving the Torah from Yahweh.

Now understanding and celebrating Shavuot is as easy as A,B,C…

A - All about the festival, a simple overview

B - Biblical references concerning the holy day

C - Celebration information on how to make the day special

A All about the festival

Shavuot or Shavuoth is the second of the three major festivals during which males in The Land of Yisra’el are to come to Yerushalyim. Passover is the first and Sukkot is the third of the pilgrimage feasts.

Shavuot is pronounced “sha-voo-ote.”

Shavuot comes exactly fifty days after Passover. Hence it being known as “Pentecost” by many. Pentecost means “fifty” in the Greek language. Pentecost always falls on the seventh Sun Day after the pagan holiday of Easter.

Shavuot is both a historical and an agricultural day. Agriculturally, it commemorates the time when the first fruits were harvested and brought to the Temple, and is know as Hag Ha-Bikkurim the “feast of first fruits. Historically, this day celebrates the giving of the Torah on Mount Sinai.

This day marks the end of the barley harvest and the start of the wheat harvest in Eretz Yisra’el.

This is a day of revelation and receiving, a day of rejoicing, and reflection.

Shavuot honors the shift from spring to summer and the reaping of the first wheat harvest. Sometime during the Second Temple, Shavuot was formally declared as the anniversary of the giving of the Torah. Up to this point it was predominately kept as just an agricultural day.

On this day, Yahweh gave the Torah to the Hebrew people on Mount Sinai over 3,300 years ago. It is on this day that believers should renew our acceptance of Yahweh’s word and commitment to His ways.

Shavuot has many names. It is also know as “Hag Matan Torateinu,” meaning the Feast of the Giving of the Torah. Some call it “Chag Shavuot” which means the feast of weeks.

This day is also considered “Chag HaBikkurim” or day of first fruits and “Atzeret” – the day of “Being held back or close to Yahweh.”

Shavuot also means "oaths", with the giving of the Torah, the Hebrews and Elohim exchanged oaths, forming an everlasting covenant, not to forsake one another as a type of wedding vow.

Finally, this day is also called “Chag HaKatzit” – the day of the cutting of the crop. This name refers to the wheat harvest, which is the last of the crops to be reaped. This reaping took place at this time. There is also reference in the book of Ruth, which places the time of the events described in that book as occurring at Shavuot. Ruth says the events of the book happened “at the beginning of the cutting of the barley crop.”

Shavuot is a special time to rejoice in the giving of the Torah and the Giver of the Torah.

The word “Shavuot” literally means “weeks.” It marks the completion of the seven weeks between Pesach and Shavuot, which are called the Sefirah Ha’Omer. Sefirah Ha’Omer means the “Period of Counting the Omer.” During these fifty days the Yisraelites were to count a measure of grain each day in anticipation of the full fiftieth day, the full harvest of Shavuot.

The counting reminds us of the important connection between Pesach and Shavuot. Passover freed Yisra’el physically from bondage, while the giving of the Torah on Shavuot redeemed Yisra’el spiritually from the bondage of sin, idolatry, and immorality.

Shavuot comes exactly fifty days after Pesach. Fifty in the Torah is the number of freedom.

Shavuot is considered the wedding anniversary, celebrating the time when Yisra’el was wed to Yahweh. The events of Mount Sinai were the marriage between Yahweh and Yisra’el. The Torah that was given is the wedding vows or wedding contract called the “Ketubah” in Hebrew.

Shavuot marks the day when Moshe had his first revelation at Sinai and came down the mountain with the Ten Words. The stone commandments came later.

Some rabbis teach that Pharaoh’s daughter pulled Moshe from the Nile River on the day of Shavuot.

The Ba’al Shem Tov, of blessed memory, died on Shavuot in the year of 1760CE.

Within Christianity it is usually taught that the “church” was born at Pentecost or Shavuot. The Bible NEVER teaches this. What the Bible does teach is that the Power of YHWH, the Ruach HaKodesh was poured out on this day upon all believers.

The book of Acts does teach that on Shavuot that believing Hebrews from all over the world came together in Yisra’el. These were both observant Jews and proselytes (Acts 2:9-11). This included those of the Southern Kingdom of Judah and descendants of the Northern Kingdom of Israel/Ephraim which had been taken into captivity by Assyria some 700 years earlier losing their Israelite heritage (2 Melachim/Kings 17:7-23), of which some had undoubtedly converted to First Century Judaism.

Shavuot did not start a new religion or a new “church.”

A story from the Midrash says that YHWH approached numerous nations asking each if they would accept the Torah. They all refused or set conditions. Only the Israelites responded that they would accept this perfect gift: "We will do and we will obey," Shemot 24:7.

“While the giving of Torah is what YHWH does on Shavuot, our role is to receive it. During the omer, we prepare by forming ourselves into vessels to receive the Torah. Each of us creates a receptacle made of our needs and questions. This process precipitates the drawing down out of a universe saturated with blessing just those things that your vessel requires,” said Zalman Schachter-Shalomi.

The Torah teaches in Shemot 19:19 that a shofar or trumpet was blown as the Torah was given. This trumpet or shofar was actually the first of two, or the left of two, ram’s horns from the ram that was present when Avraham was going to sacrifice Yitz’chak on Mount Moriah in Genesis 22. The last trumpet, or the other horn from the ram will be blown at Yom Teruah at a future date.

On the day Moshe received the Torah on the first Shavuot, three thousand people died because of disobedience. At a later Shavuot, after Yahshua’s death, three thousand people were delivered from death through belief in Moshiach.

“During Second Temple times everyone gathered in Yisra’el for the celebration. Those in Yerushaliym would gather for a procession carrying fresh dates, pomegranates, and grapes. Those at the back would carry dried fruit, figs, and raisins. Each family brought two loaves of the finest bread. The men would go out before this festival to choose the best grapes and dates to give to Elohim. They tied a red thread to the fruit to mark them for the offering,” says the Family Guide to the Biblical Holidays.

“In 1967, the Six Day War ended just a few days before Shavuot. Yisrael had reclaimed the Western Wall, and for the first time in 20 years Yehudim had access to their holiest site. On Shavuot itself, the Western Wall became open to visitors, and on that one memorable day, over 200,000 Yehudim journeyed by foot to the Western Wall. (In Jerusalem, no cars or buses run on Biblical holidays.) In subsequent years, this "pedestrian pilgrimage" has become a recurring tradition. Early on Shavuot morning - after a full night of Torah learning -- the streets of Jerusalem are filled with tens of thousands of Yehudim walking to the Western Wall. This tradition has Biblical precedence. Shavuot is one of Yisrael's three main pilgrimage festivals, where the entire nation would gather in Jerusalem for celebration and study,” wrote Rabbi Shraga Simmons

B Biblical references

Shemot 19:10-15, “And Yahweh said to Moshe, “Go to the people and consecrate them today and tomorrow. Have them wash their clothes and be ready by the third day, because on that day Yahweh will come down on Mount Sinai in the sight of all the people. Put limits for the people around the mountain and tell them, ‘Be careful that you do not go up the mountain or touch the foot of it. Whoever touches the mountain shall surely be put to death. He shall surely be stoned or shot with arrows; not a hand is to be laid on him. Whether man or animal, he shall not be permitted to live.’ Only when the ram’s horn sounds a long blast may they go up to the mountain.” After Moshe had gone down the mountain to the people, he consecrated them, and they washed their clothes. Then he said to the people, “Prepare yourselves for the third day. Abstain from sexual relations.”

“And it was on the third day, as it became morning, and there was thunder and lightning, and a thick cloud on the mountain, and the sound of the Shofar was very strong, and all the people in the camp were seized with trembling,” Shemot 19:16.

“And you shall declare on that very day, that it is a Holy Day unto you; You shall do no manner of work; it is an Eternal statute, in all your habituations, for all your generations,” Vayikra 23:21.

Vayikra 23:15-22, “‘From the day after the Sabbath, the day you brought the sheaf of the wave offering, count off seven full weeks. Count off fifty days up to the day after the seventh Sabbath, and then present an offering of new grain to Yahweh. From wherever you live, bring two loaves made of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour, baked with yeast, as a wave offering of first fruits to Yahweh. Present with this bread seven male lambs, each a year old and without defect, one young bull and two rams. They will be a burnt offering to Yahweh, together with their grain offerings and drink offerings—an offering made by fire, an aroma pleasing to Yahweh. Then sacrifice one male goat for a sin offering and two lambs, each a year old, for a fellowship offering. The priest is to wave the two lambs before Yahweh as a wave offering, together with the bread of the first fruits. They are a sacred offering to Yahweh for the priest. On that same day you are to proclaim a sacred assembly and do no regular work. This is to be a lasting ordinance for the generations to come, wherever you live. “‘When you reap the harvest of your land, do not reap to the very edges of your field or gather the gleanings of your harvest. Leave them for the poor and the alien. I am Yahweh your Elohim.’”

Shemot/Exodus 32:25-29, “Moshe saw that the people were running wild and that Aharon had let them get out of control and so become a laughingstock to their enemies. So he stood at the entrance to the camp and said, “Whoever is for Yahweh, come to me.” And all the Levites rallied to him.” Then he said to them, “This is what Yahweh, the Elohim of Yisra’el, says: ‘Each man strap a sword to his side. Go back and forth through the camp from one end to the other, each killing his brother and friend and neighbor.’” The Levites did as Moshe commanded, and that day about three thousand of the people died. Then Moshe said, “You have been set apart to Yahweh today, for you were against your own sons and brothers, and he has blessed you this day.”

“Until the day after the seventh week, you shall count, fifty days; And you shall bring a “new” grain offering to YHWH,” Vayikra 23:15.

“Three Regalim celebrate before Me each year. Observe the holy day of Matzoth, Pesach, seven days shall you eat Matzah as I have commanded you, in the month of Spring, for it was at the time that you left Mitzrayim, and in presence I shall not be see by you empty handed,” Shemot 23:14-16

Shemot 34:22-24, “Celebrate the Feast of Weeks with the first fruits of the wheat harvest, and the Feast of Ingathering at the turn of the year. Three times a year all your men are to appear before the Sovereign Yahweh, the Elohim of Yisra’el. I will drive out nations before you and enlarge your territory, and no one will covet your land when you go up three times each year to appear before Yahweh your Elohim.”

'‘On the day of first fruits, when you present to Yahweh an offering of new grain during the Feast of Weeks, hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work. Present a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram and seven male lambs a year old as an aroma pleasing to Yahweh. With each bull there is to be a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil; with the ram, two-tenths; and with each of the seven lambs, one-tenth. Include one male goat to make atonement for you. Prepare these together with their drink offerings, in addition to the regular burnt offering and its grain offering. Be sure the animals are without defect,” Bamidbar (Numbers) 28:26-32

Devarim 9:12, “Count off seven weeks from the time you begin to put the sickle to the standing grain. Then celebrate the Feast of Weeks to Yahweh your Elohim by giving a freewill offering in proportion to the blessings Yahweh your Elohim has given you. And rejoice before Yahweh your Elohim at the place he will choose as a dwelling for his Name—you, your sons and daughters, your menservants and maidservants, the Levites in your towns, and the aliens, the fatherless and the widows living among you. Remember that you were slaves in Egypt, and follow carefully these decrees.”

“Men, Yisraelim, listen to these words: Yahshua from Nazareth, a Man displayed to you by Elohim with miracles and wonders and signs which Elohim performed through Him in the middle of you, just as you yourselves know—this Man, delivered up by the predetermined plan and foreknowledge of Elohim, you nailed to a tree by the hands of lawless men and took Him away by death…Therefore let all the House of Yisrael know assuredly that Elohim has made Him both Master and Messiah—this Yahshua Whom you crucified,” Acts 2:22-23, 36.

“Repent, and let each one of you be immersed in the name of Yahshua the Messiah for the forgiveness of your sins; and you shall receive the gift of the Ruach HaKodesh. For the promise is for you and your children, and for all who are far off, as many as the Master our Elohim will call to Himself,” Acts 2:38-39.

“Kefa explained that what occurred on this day was prophesied by Yo’el:“this is what was spoken of through the prophet Yoel: ‘And it shall be in the last days,’ YHWH says, ‘that I will pour out My Spirit upon all flesh, and your sons and your daughters shall prophecy, and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams; even upon My bond slaves, both men and women, I will in those days pour out My Spirit and they shall prophecy. And I will give wonders in the sky above, and signs on the Earth beneath, blood, and fire, and vapor of smoke; the sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the day of YHWH comes, the great and manifest day. And it shall be that all who call on the name of Adonai shall be saved” (Acts 2:16-21; cf Yoel/Joel 3:1-5).

C Celebration information

Because of its agricultural background, Shavuot has very few religious rituals and symbols. What it does have is rich in tradition and brings understanding of the day to a maximum.

The Torah commands that two loaves of bread are to be prepared for waving on Shavuot. These loaves were baked with leaven and symbolized the two tablets that the Ten Words were written upon. This bread sacrifice was to be a meal offering consumed by the fire of YHWH.

The two loaves along with seven male lambs, a young bull, and two rams were sacrificed in the Mishkan on Shavuot. Also, a sin offering of one male goat was presented to YHWH.

The two loaves of bread on Shavuot are known as “Shtei HaLechem.”

It is customary to invite guest, friends, and families to Shavuot celebrations as the Torah says, “you shall rejoice before YHWH your Elohim, you, your son, and your daughter…and the stranger, and the orphan, and the widow,” Devarim 16:11.

In worship centers that have a Torah scroll, one custom is to pass the Torah scroll around the group. Instead of the service leader carrying the Torah scroll in procession around the synagogue it can be passed so everyone gets to hold it.

Shavuot is a Sabbath day of rest. No work is to be done on this day of celebration.

Before sunset on the first day of the Feast of Weeks, the woman of the home can light the Yom Tov candles and say a blessing over the day. A suggested blessing is as follows:

“Baruch atah Yahweh Eloheynu, melek ha-olam, asher kidshanu bamitzvotav vitzivanu l’hadleek ner shel Yom Tov.”

Blessed are You, Yahweh our Elohim, king of the universe Who has set us apart by your commandments and has permitted us to light the candles of this Great Day.

Other blessings that can be said at Shavuot are:

Baruch atah Yahweh Eloheynu melech ha olam, sheh-asah nissim l’avoteynu ba-yamim ha-haym baz’man hazeh

Blessed are You, Yahweh our Elohim, ruler of universe,

who worked miracles for our fathers in days of old, at this time.

Baruch atah Yahweh Yahweh Eloheynu melech ha olam

she-heh-chi-yanu v’key’manu v’hee-gee-anu laz’man ha-zeh

Blessed are you, Yahweh our Elohim, ruler of the Universe, who keeps us alive, who supports the unfolding of our uniqueness, and who has enabled us to reach this season.


The blessing that is to be spoken before eating the two loaves of bread is:

Baruch atah Yahweh, Elohaynu melek ha-olam, ha motzi lechem men ha’aretz

Blessed are You, Yahweh our Elohim, king of the universe Who brings forth bread from the earth.

It is customary to adorn the place of worship with flowers, fruits, and greens for this day. The reason is that in the time of the Temple, the first fruits of the harvest were given on Shavuot. As well, the Sages of Judaism teach that although Mount Sinai was situated in a desert, when the Torah was given on the mountain, the mountain bloomed and sprouted flowers.

Flower decorations also point to the area around the mountain of Sinai being green, according to the implication of “neither let the flocks and herds graze” found in Shemot 34:3.

Tree decorations also point to the Etz Chaim – the Tree of Life – the Torah.

A favorite decoration at Shavuot is a rose. This is chosen from a play on words found in Esther 8:14, “And the decree (dat) was proclaimed in Shushan.” This verse if playfully reinterpreted to mean that the law was given with a rose (shushan.) Therefore one custom is to scatter spices and rose petals around the synagogue to create a beautiful fragrance.

It is also tradition to eat dairy foods on Shavuot. There are a number of reasons for this custom one of which is that with the giving of the Torah the Hebrews now became obligated to observe the laws of kosher. As the Torah was given on Shabbat no cattle could be slaughtered nor could utensils be koshered, and thus on that day everyone ate dairy. Another reason is that the Torah is likened unto milk. The Hebrew word for milk is “chalav.” When the numerical value of each of the letters in the word “chalav” are added together – 8,30,2 – the total is forty. Forty is the number of days that Moshe was on the Mount receiving the Torah. Some also say that this is a reminder of the promise regarding Eretz Yisra’el, the Land of Yisra’el, which is flowing with “milk and honey.”

The Biblical book Song of Songs (4:11) refers to the sweet nourishing value of Torah by saying: "It drips from your lips, like honey and milk under your tongue."

When celebrating this day, note that it was not just the books of the Torah that were given that day, but the whole Hebraic lifecycle and lifestyle.

One web site says that, “it is noteworthy that the holy day is called the time of the giving of the Torah, rather than the time of the receiving of the Torah. The Sages point out that we are constantly in the process of receiving the Torah, that we receive it everyday, but as it was first given at this time. Thus it is the giving, not the receiving that makes this holy day significant.”

On the first night of Shavuot, Yisraelites throughout the world observe a centuries old custom of conducting an all-night vigil dedicated to Torah learning. This night of dedication is called “Tikkun Leil Shavuot,” which means the “Repair of Shavuot Evening.”

One explanation for this tradition is that the Hebrew people did not rise early enough on the day Elohim gave the Torah, and that it was necessary for Yahweh Himself to awaken them. To compensate for their behavior, Hebrews have accepted upon themselves the customs of remaining awake all night. The night is spent in prayer and Torah study, with a short reading from each of the weekly parasha portions.

During Tikkun Leil Shavuot the mystics have taught that the heavens are literally opened for a brief instant and that the Shekinah descends upon those waiting. At that very moment, we are told, that Elohim will favorably answer any prayer.

One favorite tradition on Shavuot is to visit the mikvah, or baptismal pool. A mikvah is a ritual bath or immersion in any free flowing river, lake, or ocean. In order to physically and spiritually cleanse and prepare for revelation on the night of Shavuot is to immerse in the mikvah before the evening. The mikvah is to remember how Yisra’el was to prepare for three days in the desert before the Torah was given.

Shavuot is the only Biblical holy day that is not tied to a particular calendar date. It’s date is determined from the counting from Pesach. Because the length of the months used to be variable, determined by the observation of the new moon, and there are two new moons between Pesach and Shavuot, the day of Shavuot could occur on the 5th or the 6th of Sivan. However, the Jewish calendar has mathematically determined that Shavuot will always fall on the 6th of Sivan.

Outside of the Land of Yisra’el, this holy day is two days long. This concept is called “Yom Tov Sheni Shel Gaulyot.” The reason for this is that during the year of the Talmud, when communications were very far from what they are now the Hebrews had problems spreading the word about the new months. A second day of celebration became the solution so messengers could spread the word of the New Moon in time. The second day was accorded the same significance as the first day by the decree of the rabbis. Judaism still teaches two days for most New Moons because of two reasons: The first is that there is always an uncertainty of when the New Moon will be seen. The second is to keep tradition – this is called the “Minhag Avoteinu B’Yadenu” or to “continue in the custom of our ancestors.”

Yes, the day after Shavuot is a special day. This day is also known as “Isru Hag.” The Talmud states that “whoever observes a continuation of a feast by eating or drinking, the Torah in Tehillim 118:27 accounts to him as if he had built the altar in the temple and offered sacrifice upon it, as it said: ‘Bind the feast (Isru Hag) with cords unto the horns of the altar.”’

“Sinai and the giving of Torah is a continuous event. It is not accidental that originally no date was given for the Revelation of Sinai, for the voice of YHWH constantly speaks to us. The Revelation continues to occur as the Torah unfolds before us, if we pay attention to it,” says the book “The Jewish Holidays.”

In many synagogues the book of Ruth is read on the second day of Shavuot. There are several reasons for this: First, tradition says that Shavuot is the birthday and the yahrtzeit, or day of passing, of King Dawid. The book of Ruth records his ancestry and Ruth and her husband Boaz were King Dawid’s great-grandparents. Also the scenes of harvesting, described in the book of Ruth are appropriate to the feast of Harvest. Finally, Ruth was a sincere convert who embraced the Yisraelite faith with all her heart. On Shavuot all Hebrews are reminded of having accepted the Torah and all its precepts just like a convert.

It is tradition for the Ten Words to be recited on the first day of Shavuot. Whole families can assemble at the synagogue for the hearing of the Torah.

Shavuot will occur on the following days of the Gregorian calendar:

Jewish Year 5764: sunset May 25, 2004 - nightfall May 27, 2004

Jewish Year 5765: sunset June 12, 2005 - nightfall June 14, 2005

Jewish Year 5766: sunset June 1, 2006 - nightfall June 3, 2006

Jewish Year 5767: sunset May 22, 2007 - nightfall May 24, 2007

Jewish Year 5768: sunset June 8, 2008 - nightfall June 10, 2008

Here is a quote about Shavuot from a Jewish web site, “An amazing statement has been made by Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai in the Zohar. The Zohar explains on a deeper level that what happens on Shavuot can be understood as a matrimony. The Kabbalists explain that there are two main spiritual sources named The Holy One blessed be He, and his female counterpart the Shekinah. They connect or separate depending on our spiritual actions when we do positive spiritual actions they unite, and that union draws Light from the supernal worlds, which then flows down to us. If we do negative actions we cause them to separate, this reduces the amount of Light we receive. On Shavuot the amount of Light that is revealed is tremendous, this is described as the marriage and union of The Holy One blessed be He and the Shekinah. This is a very beautiful and powerful time.

One of the best ways to connect to this Light is by staying up the entire night of Shavuot and reading from the Torah. This reveals great Light in the world more specifically through the reading we are preparing and beautifying the Shekinah the Bride for the supernal wedding. Rabbi Shimon in the Zohar says: "Sit beloved, sit and lets prepare the bride on this night, for everybody who connects to her on this night, will be protected for the entire year above and below, and he will complete his year in peace."

Shavuot is the last of the Spring feasts mandated for all Bible believers. The next holy day is Yom Teruah, the day of Trumpets.

One favorite Shavuot Dish is “Cheese Blintzes.” Blintzes are traditional cheesy dishes that can be topped with sour cream, applesauce or cinnamon and sugar.

Here’s a recipe:

BATTER
4 eggs 1/2 cup milk 1/2 cup water 1 cup flour

1/4 cup sugar 1 package vanilla sugar Pinch of salt 1 Tbsp. oil

CHEESE FILLING I
1/2 pound farmer cheese 4 ounces cream cheese 4 Tbsps. honey or
maple syrup juice of 1/2 lemon 1 egg yolk

CHEESE FILLING II
1 pound cottage cheese, strained 2 egg yolks 2 Tbsps. flour
2 Tbsps. sugar 1 tsp. vanilla sugar 1/4 cup raisins (optional)

USE: 7 inch skillet
YIELDS: 12 blintzes

BATTER: In a large mixer bowl combine eggs, milk, water and blend well. Gradually add flour, then both sugars, salt and oil. Beat well until there are no lumps in the batter.

FILLING I: Combine all ingredients in a bowl and beat well. Or combine all the ingredients in a blender container and blend until smooth.

FILLING II: Combine all ingredients, except raisins, in a bowl and beat well. Or all the ingredients can be combined in a blender container and blended until smooth. Then add raisins.

TO ASSEMBLE CREPES:
1. Prepare batter and filling of your choice. Using a paper towel or basting brush, apply a thin coating of oil to a 7 inch skillet. Place skillet over medium heat until skillet is hot but not smoking.

2. Ladle approximately 1/3 cup of batter into the skillet. Tilt pan to swirl the batter so it covers the bottom of the skillet.

3. Fry on one side until small air bubbles form, and top is set. Bottom should be golden brown. When done, carefully loosen edges of crepe and slip out of skillet onto a plate.

4. Repeat the above procedure until all the batter is used. Grease the skillet as needed.

5. Turn each crepe so that golden brown side is up. Place 3 tablespoons of filling on one edge in a 2 1/2 inch long by 1-inch wide mound.

6. Roll once to cover filling. Fold the sides into the center and continue rolling until completely closed.

7. Heat 2 tablespoons of oil in the skillet and place each crepe seam side down in the skillet and fry 2 minutes on each side, turning once.

VARIATION: Whole wheat pastry flour can be used instead of white flour.

Excerpted from: Spice and Spirit The Complete Kosher Jewish Cookbook, published by Lubavitch Women's Cookbook Publications

There are two “pivut” or religious poems that are usually spoken at the synagogue on Shavuot. The first is called the “Akdamut” and the second is called the “Ketubah.”

Akdamut is a poem which was composed during the First Crusade, which began in 1096, as an effort by Christian Europe to recapture the "Holy Land" from the Moslem "infidels" who had seized it. On their way to the Middle East, the Christian knights would, in general, visit terror if not outright destruction upon the Jewish communities which happened to be on their route. The Christians tried to force their religion upon their Jewish neighbors, often at the threat of death. Sometimes, mock "debates" were held, in which Jewish rabbis were forced to participate, knowing that the juries, consisting of church officials, were rigged against them, and that nothing they said would have any effect on their listeners, or upon their own fate. Below is a translation of the poem Akdamut:

Akdamut" - Free Translation of Content

Before I begin to read his Words (The Ten Commandments),
I will ask Permission,
Of the One Whose Might is such that -
Even if all the heavens were parchment,
And all the reeds pens,
And all the oceans ink,
And all people were scribes,
It would be impossible to record
the Greatness of the Creator,
Who Created the World with a soft utterance,
And with a single letter, the letter "heh,"
The lightest of the letters.

And Angels of Heaven of all kinds,
All full of fear and terror of their Master,
Have permission to praise him only at set times,
Some once in seven years, Others once and no more,

How beloved is Israel!
For the Holy One leaves the Angels on High,
To take the People of Israel as His lot -
And they make Him their King,
And declare, "Holy! Holy! Holy!"
Twice a day, Morning and Evening -

And all His Desire is that His Chosen People
Will study His Torah and pray to Him,
For they are inscribed in His Tefillin,
"Who is like Your People, Israel,
One nation in the World!"

Thus it is the will of the Holy One,
That I speak in praise of Israel,
And though all the nations come and ask,
Who can it Be, for Whom you give up your lives,
O most beautiful of the nations?
But come with us,
And we'll satisfy all your desires!

And Israel responds with wisdom,
Only a bit of the truth do they reveal,
What is your greatness, say they to the nations,
Compared to the reward that He has in store for us!
And when He sheds upon us His great light,
While you go, they are destroyed in darkness!

Yerushalayim will be rebuilt!
The Exiles will return,
The Gates of Gan Eden will Re-Open,
And all their Brilliance will be Revealed to us -
We will enter those Gates and take Pleasure,
In the Radiance of the Divine Presence,
Whom we will point to, and say -
Here is our Elohim, in Whom we hoped,
He will save us!

And each righteous one under his canopy will sit,
In the Sukkah made from the skin of Leviathan,
And in the future
He will make a dance for the righteous ones,
And a banquet in Paradise,
From that Great Fish and the Wild Ox ,
And from the Wine preserved from the Creation -
Happy are those who believe and hope and
Never abandon their faith forever!

Now you my listeners,
When you hear your praise in this song,
Be strong in your faith!
And you will merit to sit in the company
Of the holy and righteous ones
In the World-to-Come!
If you've listened well to my words,
Which were uttered in holy majesty -
Great is our Elohim!
The First and the Last!
Happy are we, for He loved us,
And gave us His Torah.



Another piyut spoken at Shavuot is “Ketubah.” This poem is modeled after “Shir HaShirim” or the Song of Songs in the Bible. This poem takes on the form of a marriage contract between Israel and the Torah, composed by Rabbi Yisrael Najara. Provided is a shortened version of the poem:

My Beloved went down to His garden, to His bed of spices,
To delight in the princess, and to spread over her the canopy of His peace;
"King Solomon made for Himself a Palace."

Serafim and Ophanim He abandoned, and His Horsemen and Chariot,
And with the beloved doe, He observed His banquet;
"On the day of His wedding and the rejoicing of His heart."

My beloved, My doe, Come with Me to My chamber, my hall,
For your sake I have left all the legions above, and their host;
"And I have betrothed you unto Me forever."

Said the Awesome One,
You Who from the time of love I have heard Him,
And I love Him with an Eternal love,
"May He kiss me with the kisses of His Mouth!"

To go to the wedding canopy, agreed the dancer of the camps,
And for her "We will do, and then obey"
merited six hundred thousand crowns;
"In the third month, from the time
That Israel left Mitzrayim."

And the connection was strong
With this Nation, which He acquired at Sinai,
And the Deed of Purchase and the Signature
I read for My throngs,
"Behold! It is written before Me."

On the Sixth Day I will read what is written in the Letter,
A day on which to bequeath to His beloved ones the Torah,
The Living Elohim did Intend,
"Six Days in the Month of Sivan."

The Last Segment

"…That He should not travel far away,
Or make His way in the sea,
Without the Torah placed near His heart;
"It should be with Him, and He shall read from it"

"And all these conditions are strong and stand fast,"
As the host of heaven in the sky is arrayed,
"Forever and ever, and for Eternity."

And the Groom swears to fulfill them all for His congregation,
And to bequeath "Yesh," "Substance" to those who love Him
And who do His will,
"Yahweh swore with His Right Hand."

And the Bridegroom Acquired five Possessions,
And among them were the Torah and the Testimony,
And the Treasure betrothed,
"And He laid the corner-stone."

Let the righteous see and rejoice,
And let them enjoy their reward,
Of a Testimony that is "long as the land,


And wider than the sea,"
"And all is strong, and clear, and steadfast!

And He established the Torah in Yaakov with vigor,
And He commanded to erect its fences
So no one would break through!
"And I established faithful witnesses,
The Heavens and the Earth!

Let the Bridegroom rejoice with the Bride,
To take for his possession,
And let the heart of the Bride rejoice
With the husband of her youth,
And let her say to the one who sings His praises,
"Happy is the People for whom it is so!"

*for all things Biblical go to www.emetministries.com

 


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