All About the Pesach

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Passover.

This is the Biblical holy day that commemorates the birth of the nation of Yisr’ael. It marks the liberation of the people from the bondage of slavery. Passover. This feast reminds Yisra’el of the death angel “passing over” the homes that had the blood of a lamb on their doorposts. It is also the exact time that Messiah Yahshua gave His life as a sacrifice for all mankind. It is to be celebrated every year by all Bible believers. But how?

How should you keep Passover? There are many way and many wonderful traditions. Each congregation or family must choose how do so as instructed by the Rabbi, yet this teaching will express just a few suggestions. This short overview of Pesach is just that – a short review of the holy day. Enjoy! (This teaching is in no way exhaustive on the rituals and customs of this special time.)

Now understanding and celebrating Pesach is as easy as A,B,C…

A - All about the festival, a simple overview

B - Biblical references concerning the holy day

C - Celebration information on how to make the day special

A All about the festival

v Pesach is the most celebrated of the Biblical holy days by Jews and Christians. It commemorates the exodus of the Yisraelites from the bondage of slavery to Pharoah.

v This feast is usually called “Passover” which is the English translation of the Hebrew Pesach. This is the Strong’s Exhaustive definition of the word: çñ—t, pesÖahÖ, from paôsÖahÖ, “to pass” or “spring over” or “to spare” (Ex 12:13, 23, 17; compare Isa 31:5) Other conjectures connect the word with the “passing over” into a new year, with assyr pasúaòhÕu, meaning “to placate,” with Hebrew paôsÖah, meaning “to dance,” and even with the skipping motions of a young lamb.”

v According to the Bible, a memorial of this day is to be observed as an ordinance forever (Ex 12:14, 24) during the first Biblical month of Aviv.

v Pesach is the first of the three annual festivals that include Shavuot and Yom Teruah. Again, this day commemorates the final plague on Egypt when the firstborn of the Egyptians died and the Israelites were spared because of the blood smeared on their door posts (Ex. 12:11, 21, 27, 43, 48).

v According to the Bible, Passover takes place on the fourteenth day (at evening) of the first month (Lev. 23:5).

v To commemorate the Passover, the Yisraelites were to take a lamb or kid to be slain on the tenth day of the month (Ex. 12:3) and slaughtered on the fourteenth day and then eaten (Deut. 16:7). None of the animal was to be left over on the following morning (Ex. 34:25). The uncircumcised and the hired servant were not permitted to eat the sacrifice (Ex. 12:45-49). This meal has evolved into the modern-day “seder” in Judaism.

v Seder is the Hebrew word for “order” and the seder is an orderly service that teaches the story and meaning of Pesach.

v The Passover is also called the feast of unleavened bread (Ex. 23:15; Deut. 16:16) because only unleavened bread was eaten during the seven days immediately following Passover (Ex. 12:15-20; 13:6-8; Deut. 16:3-8). Technically this is a separate feast to Yahweh that happens to occur during the Passover season.

v Unleavened bread reflected the fact that the people had no time to put leaven in their bread before their hasty departure from Egypt. It was also apparently connected to the barley harvest (Lev. 23:4-14).

v Leaven is often a word picture of sin in the Bible. So by eating bread without leaven, the Hebrews can reflect on how their lives should be lived without sin.

v A special book is used during the Passover season called a “haggadah.” Haggadah literally means “the telling.” The Haggadah is a book of instructions, prayers, blessings, and stories that lay out the order and information for Pesach.

v In the traditional Pesach Haggadah all Yisra’el is called to experience the miracle of Yahweh. It says, "In every generation, each person must feel as if he personally had come out of Mitzrayim (Egypt), as the Torah says: "You should tell your child on that day, 'When I left Mitzrayim, Yahweh did miracles for me…”

v Pesach has been celebrated in the same traditional manner for hundreds, if not thousands, of years by Yisra’el.

v The ten plagues that were unleashed upon Egypt by Yahweh were:

1.

10. Slaying of the First Born

v A detailed account of the institution of this feast is given in Shemot (Exodus) 12 and 13 and many of the verses recorded below.

v Passover is a family time. It is a time to come before Yahweh to remember the great miracle of the Exodus. It is also a special time to remember the work of Yahshua and His death and resurrection.

v During New Testament times large crowds gathered in Jerusalem to observe this annual celebration.

v Yahshua the Messiah was crucified during the Passover event. He and His disciples ate a Passover memorial meal together on the eve of His death. During this meal Yahshua said, “This is my body,” and “this cup is the new testament in my blood” (Luke 22:7, 19-20).

v The Bible records that the Passover celebration should include the use of wine (Luke 22:17, 20), a sauce with the bitter herbs (John 13:26), unleavened bread, the roasted lamb, and songs of praise.

v Although Yahshua would die at Pesach as the ultimate ransom for sins, this does not alter the eternal commandments in the Torah to keep the Pesach. In fact, Yahshua said to do Passover “in remembrance of me.”

v This is a quote about Pesach from Geikie’s book The Life of Christ, “The city itself and the neighbourhood became more and more crowded as the feast approached, the narrow streets and dark arched bazaars showing the same throng of men of all nations as when Jesus had first visited Jerusalem as a boy. Even the temple offered a strange sight at this season, for in parts of the outer courts a wide space was covered with pens for sheep, goats, and cattle to be used for offerings. Sellers shouted the merits of their beasts, sheep bleated, oxen lowed. Sellers of doves also had a place set apart for them. Potters offered a choice from huge stacks of clay dishes and ovens for roasting and eating the Passover lamb. Booths for wine, oil, salt, and all else needed for sacrifices invited customers. Persons going to and from the city shortened their journey by crossing the temple grounds, often carrying burdens... Stalls to change foreign money into the shekel of the temple, which alone could be paid to the priests, were numerous, the whole confusion making the sanctuary like a noisy market.”

B Biblical references

v “ And Yahweh said to Mosheh, “Now see what I do to Pharaoh, for with a strong hand he is going to let them go, and with a strong hand he is going to drive them out of his land.” And Elohim spoke to Mosheh and said to him, “I am Yahweh.” “And I appeared to Avraham, to Yitshaq, and to Ya’aqob, as El Shaddai. And by My Name, Yahweh, was I not known to them? “And I also established My covenant with them, to give them the land of Kena’an, the land of their sojournings, in which they have sojourned. “Say, therefore, to the children of Yisra’el, ‘I am Yahweh, and I shall bring you out from under the burdens of the Mitsrites, and shall deliver you from their enslaving, and shall redeem you with an outstretched arm, and with great judgments, and shall take you as My people, and I shall be your Elohim. And you shall know that I am Yahweh your Elohim who is bringing you out from under the burdens of the Mitsrites. ‘And I shall bring you into the land which I swore to give to Abraham, to Yitshaq, and to Ya’aqob, to give it to you as in inheritance. I am Yahweh,’” Shemot 6:1-8

v “Speak to all the congregation of the children of Yisra’el, saying, ‘On the tenth day of the month each one of them is to take for himself a lamb, according to the house of his father, a lamb for a household.’” Shemot (Exodus) 12:3

v “And this is how you eat it: Your loins girded, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. And you shall eat it in haste. It is the Passover of Yahweh.” Shemot (Exodus) 12:11.

v “Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. Indeed, on the first day you cause leaven to cease from you houses,” Exodus 12:15.

v "And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt... that I may lay My Hand upon Egypt... and the Egyptians shall know that I am Yahweh, when I stretch forth My Hand upon Egypt." Exodus 7:3-5

v “For seven days no leaven is to be found in your houses,” Exodus 12:19.

v “Unleavened bread is to be eaten the seven days; and whatever is leaven is not to be seen with you, and leaven is not to be seen with you within all your border,” Exodus 13:7

v “And this day shall become to you a remembrance. And you shall observe it as a festival to Yahweh throughout your generations - - observe it as a festival, an everlasting law.” Shemoe (Exodus) 12:14.

v “And you shall guard this word as a law for you and your sons forever.” And it shall be, when you come to the land, which Yahweh gives you, as He promised, that you shall guard this service. Shemot (Exodus) 12:25.

v “And it shall be, when your children say to you, ‘What does this service mean to you?’ “Then you shall say, ‘It is the Pesach slaughtering of Yahweh, who passed over the houses of the children of Yisra’el in Mitsrayim when He smote the Egyptians and delivered our households.’” Shemot 12:26, 27.

v “So Moshe told the Israelites to celebrate the Passover, and they did so in the Desert of Sinai at twilight on the fourteenth day of the first month. The Yisraelites did everything just as Yahweh commanded Moshe,” Bamidbar (Numbers) 9:4-5.

v On the evening of the fourteenth day of the month, while camped at Gilgal on the plains of Jericho, the Israelites celebrated the Passover,” Yah’hoshua (Joshua) 5:10.

v “In the first month (Aviv), on the fourteenth day of the month, you have the Pesach, a festival of seven days, unleavened bread is eaten. And on that day the Prince shall prepare for Himself and for all the people of the land a bull for a sin offering. And during the seven days of the festival He prepares a burnt offering to Yahweh, seven bulls and seven rams, perfect ones, daily for seven days, and a mail goat daily for a sin offering.” Yehezqel (Ezekiel) 44:21-23.

v “The king gave this order to all the people: “Celebrate the Passover to Yahweh your Elohim, as it is written in this Book of the Covenant.” Not since the days of the judges who led Yisra’el, nor throughout the days of the kings of Yisra’el and the kings of Judah, had any such Passover been observed. But in the eighteenth year of King Josiah, this Passover was celebrated to Yahweh in Jerusalem,” 2 Melekhim (Kings) 23:21-24

v “ This is my body which is given for you: This do in remembrance of me,” Luke 22:19.

v “And you will sing as on the night you celebrate a holy festival; your hearts will rejoice as when people go up with flutes to the mountain of Yahweh, to the Rock of Yisra’el. Yahweh will cause men to hear his majestic voice and will make them see his arm coming down with raging anger and consuming fire, with cloudburst, thunderstorm and hail,” Yesha’yahu (Isaiah) 30:30.

v “Not by might nor by power, but by my Ruach (Spirit), says Yahweh of hosts," ZekarYah 4:6

v “On the fourteenth day of the first month, the exiles celebrated the Passover. The priests and Levites had purified themselves and were all ceremonially clean. The Levites slaughtered the Passover lamb for all the exiles, for their brothers the priests and for themselves. So the Yisraelites who had returned from the exile ate it, together with all who had separated themselves from the unclean practices of their Gentile neighbors in order to seek Yahweh, the Elohim of Yisra’el. For seven days they celebrated with joy the Feast of Unleavened Bread, because Yahweh had filled them with joy by changing the attitude of the king of Assyria, so that he assisted them in the work on the house of Elohim, the Elohim of Yisrael,” Ezra 6:20-23.

v “Hezekiah sent word to all Yisra’el and Judah and also wrote letters to Ephraim and Manasseh, inviting them to come to the temple of Yahweh in Jerusalem and celebrate the Passover to Yahweh, the Elohim of Yisra’el. The king and his officials and the whole assembly in Jerusalem decided to celebrate the Passover in the second month. They had not been able to celebrate it at the regular time because not enough priests had consecrated themselves and the people had not assembled in Jerusalem,” 2 Chronicles 30:1-4

v “This will be a day for you to remember and celebrate the festival to Yahweh from generations to generations you are to celebrate it by a perpetual regulation. When your children ask you, “What do you mean by this ceremony? say, it is the sacrifice of Yahweh’s Pesach because Yahweh passed over the house of Yisra’el in Egypt, when He killed the Egytians, but spared our houses,” The people of Yisra’el bowed their heads and worshipped,” Exodus 12:14, 26, 27.

v “Get rid of the old hametz (leaven) so that you can be a new batch of dough, because in reality you are unleavened. For our Pesach lamb, the Messiah has been sacrificed. So let us celebrate the seder not with leftover hametz the hametz of wickedness and evil, but with the matzah of purity and truth,” 1 Corinthians 5:7,8.

v ““Let us rejoice and be glad let us give him the glory! For the time has come for The wedding of the Lamb, and the bride has prepared Herself fine linen, bright and clear has been given her to wear. (“fine linen,” means the righteous deeds of Yahweh’s people) The Angel said to me “ Write: How blessed are those who have been invited to the wedding Feast of the Lamb…” Then he added, “ These are Yahweh’s very words,” Revelation 19:7-9.

v “For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Master's death till He comes. Therefore whoever eats this bread or drinks this cup of the Sovereign in an unworthy manner will be guilty of the body and blood of the King. But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of the bread and drink of the cup. For he who eats and drinks in an unworthy manner eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the King's body. For this reason many are weak and sick among you, and many sleep. For if we would judge ourselves, we would not be judged. But when we are judged, we are chastened by the King, that we may not be condemned with the world,” 1 Corinthians 11:26-32.

v “A little leaven leavens all the lump,” Galatians 5:9

v “Now the Passover of the Yehudim was near, and many went from the country up to Yerushalayim before the Passover, to set themselves apart,” Yochanan [John] 11: 55.

v “And Yahshua said to them, "Mind! And beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and the Sadducees." And they reasoned among themselves, saying, "Because we brought no bread,” Mattitiyahu 16: 6-7.

v “Do not think that I came to destroy the Torah, and the Prophets. I did not come to destroy (or modify, or change), but (only) to fulfill.” Mattithyahu 5:17.

v “On the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Where do you want us to make preparations for you to eat the Passover?” He replied, “Go into the city to a certain man and tell him, ‘The Teacher says: My appointed time is near. I am going to celebrate the Passover with my disciples at your house.’” So the disciples did as Yahshua had directed them and prepared the Passover. When evening came, Yahshua was reclining at the table with the Twelve. And while they were eating, he said, “I tell you the truth, one of you will betray me.” They were very sad and began to say to him one after the other, “Surely not I, master?” Yahshua replied, “The one who has dipped his hand into the bowl with me will betray me. The Son of Man will go just as it is written about him. But woe to that man who betrays the Son of Man! It would be better for him if he had not been born,” Matthew 26:17-24,

v “On the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, when it was customary to sacrifice the Passover lamb, Yahshuas’ disciples asked him, “Where do you want us to go and make preparations for you to eat the Passover,” Mark 14:12.

v “And Yahweh brought us out of Egypt with a strong hand, a stretched out arm, with great terror, and with signs and wonders,” Devarim (Deuteronomy) 26:8

v “Every year his parents went to Jerusalem for the Feast of the Passover. When he was twelve years old, they went up to the Feast, according to the custom. After the Feast was over, while his parents were returning home, the boy Yahshua stayed behind in Jerusalem, but they were unaware of it,” Luke 2:41-43.

v “Then came the day of Unleavened Bread on which the Passover lamb had to be sacrificed. Yahshua sent Kefa (Peter) and Yochanan (John), saying, “Go and make preparations for us to eat the Passover.” “Where do you want us to prepare for it?” they asked,” Luke 22:7-8

v “When it was almost time for the Jewish Passover, Yahshua went up to Jerusalem,” John 2:13

v “And you shall count for yourselves from the morrow of the Shabbat, from the day that you bring the omer [offering] that is raised, seven complete weeks there shall be until the morrow of the seventh week you shall count fifty days,” Vayikra (Leviticus) 23:15, 16.

v “The Jewish Passover Feast was near. When Yahshua looked up and saw a great rowd coming toward him, he said to Philip, “Where shall we buy bread for these people to eat?” He asked this only to test him, for he already had in mind what he was going to do,” John 6:4.

v "This annual festival will be a visible reminder to you, like a mark branded on your hands or your forehead. Let it remind you always to keep Yahweh's instructions in your minds and on your lips. After all, it was Yahweh who rescued you from Egypt with great power." Ex 13:9

v "For indeed Messiah, our Passover, was sacrificed for us." I Cor 5:7

v “Then the Jews led Yahshua from Caiaphas to the palace of the Roman governor. By now it was early morning, and to avoid ceremonial uncleanness the Jews did not enter the palace; they wanted to be able to eat the Passover. So Pilate came out to them and asked, “What charges are you bringing against this man,” John 18:28-29,

v “Let no one therefore judge you in eating or in drinking, or in respect of a Festival or a new moon or Sabbaths – which are a shadow of what is (yet) to come – but the Body of Messiah (meaning, “Let no one but the Body of Messiah judge you),” Colossians 2:16-17.

v “By faith he (Moshe) kept the Passover and the sprinkling of blood, so that the destroyer of the firstborn would not touch the firstborn of Israel,” Heb 11:28,

v Here are a few Passovers in the Bible:

1. The death angel Passover in Egypt (Ex. 12:21).

2. The first Passover in the Promised Land (Josh. 5:10).

3. The Passover in Hezekiah’s time (2 Chron. 30:2).

4. The Passover in Josiah’s time (2 Ki. 23:22).

5. The first Passover by the returning remnant (Ezra 6:19).

6. The Passover attended by Yahshua at age twelve (Lk. 2:41, 42).

7. The cleansing of the Temple Passover (Jn. 2:13).

8. The feeding of the 5,000 Passover (Jn. 6:4).

9. The raising of Lazarus Passover (Jn. 11:55).

10. The upper room Passover (Mt. 26:19).

11. The Passover associated with the death of James (Acts 12:4).

12. The future Passover in the millennium (Ezek. 45:21).

C Celebration information

v Pesach is celebrated in many different ways by different groups. The most popular way to celebrate Pesach is through the “seder” or commemorative meal held in the month of Aviv.

v Judaism teaches that the Seder should include 15 steps that properly keep the festival. All 15 of these events are not found necessarily in the Scriptures, so when keeping this feast consult your Rabbi or Bible teacher for proper halakha on the various aspects of Pesach.

v Just like most Biblical holy days this is a special time for children to learn all about their heritage and their faith.

v Pesach is more than just a day or just a meal. It is a season of joy a month long time to celebrate the great miracle of Yahweh and His deliverance.

v This festival lasts for eight days. The first day and the last day are Shabbatons on which no work is permitted according to the Bible.

v Also according to the Bible no leaven or “chametz” can be eaten during this feast time. What is eaten is called “matzah” or unleavened flat bread. Matzah is simply made from water and flour and is usually cooked very quickly. You can also purchase matzah at most grocery stores during Passover. Chametz that should not be eaten includes leavening agents found in many foods.

v The prohobition against leaven also includes owning or possessing chametz during Pesach.

v One web site defines chametz as “including anything made from the five major grains (wheat, rye, barley, oats and spelt) that has not been completely cooked within 18 minutes after coming into contact with water. Orthodox Jews of Ashkenazic background also avoid rice, corn, peanuts, and legumes (beans) as if they were chametz. All of these items are commonly used to make bread, thus use of them was prohibited to avoid any confusion.”

v In preparation for Pesach, the home is to be cleaned and scrubbed to remove all chametz Some people even use special kitchen utensils and dishware at this time. By the way, this is were the term “spring cleaning” comes from.

v Pesach cleaning usually begins two weeks before Pesach and can include riding the home of minute traces of leaven. Some people buy new toasters while others even have special countertops just for Pesach.

v Professor Yona Amitai, a senior toxicologist at Hadassah University Hospital in Jerusalem notes that studies show that “accidential poisonings of children from cleaning fuild triples during the two or three weeks before Passover in Jewish homes.”

v Many foods that are made without chametz havea label on them that says, "Kosher L'Pesach” which means, “kosher for Passover."

v To celebrate a Pesach Seder usually requires a special Seder Plate. These plates can be very decorative and beautifull yet you can also use any plate to hold the elements of the evening.

v The Seder is a ritual banquet which reenacts the Exodus, conducted sometimes on both the first and second evenings of Passover.

v Four cups of wine are consumed during the course of the Seder to commemorate the redemption of the Jewish people, the sanctity of the holiday and events related in the Haggadah. The Seder is a traditional occasion for Jewish families to gather together to reinforce their ties to Judaism

v It is tradition to commemorate the removal of all chametz from the home on the night before Pesach with a thorough search of the home to ensure that no chametz remains. Of course all chametz should have already been removed, but families can do this by hiding pieces of bread or cereal throughout the house and allow the children to have candles or flashlights to find the chametz and brush it away into a small bag. After the search game the chametz is usually burned and the following decleration is spoken: “Any chametz (leavened bread) or leaven which is in my possession and which I have not seen, nor disposed of, nor did I know of it, may it be considered as null and as ownerless like the dust of the earth." This burning is sometimes done on the following morning.

v On the day before Pesach, Erev Pesach, is the fast of the firstborn. This is an extra-Biblical tradition that commemorates the fact that the firstborn Hebrew males in Mitzrayim were "passed over " (spared) during the final plague while the first-born sons of the Egyptians were killed. The first born male of the womb is to fast on this day and then break the fast with a festive meal right before Pesach begins.

v A new tradition to the Pesach seder is Kos Miryam or Miriam’s cup. This is a cup that sits on the table and is filled with water instead of wine. This symbol honors the Talmudic story of Miriams’s Well which brought water to the Yisraelites as they traveled in the dessert. Special actions can further be taken with this cup.

v Another tradition of Pesach is celebrating the Shabbat before the Seder. One web site had this to say about this special day, “The Shabbat before Pesach is called Shabbat HaGadol (the Great Shabbat) because it was the day when the Jews were to take the sheep (which the Egyptians worshipped) to be used for the Korban Pesach (Pascal offering) four days later. (This means that the first Pesach was on a Wednesday). After nine plagues, the Egyptians were powerless to react to the slaughter of one of their gods. The Israelites, of course, didn't know this, and therefore displayed tremendous faith in Hashem prior to Yetziat Mitzrayim (the Exodus). We remember this event with a special Haftorah (reading from the prophets) where again great faith and trust in Hashem is emphasized. The Haftorah concludes with the call to remember the teachings of Moshe and informs us that Hashem will send Eliyahu Hanavi (Elijah the Prophet) to herald the great and awesome day when Bnei Yisroel (the Children of Israel) will again experience redemption. This is yet another possible reason for the name Shabbat HaGadol, - that "great day" mentioned in the Haftorah. Traditionally on Shabbat HaGadol the Rabbi lectures about the observance and meaning of Pesach to his congregation, teaching the laws of Pesach, so that the families can prepare properly for the Yom Tov. Which leads to another interpretation of Shabbat HaGadol - "the Shabbat of the Leader" or of the Rabbi. A more novel explanation is that the people returning from the synagogue later than usual on this Shabbat because of the unusually long speech that was customary on this day. Thus this Shabbat seemed "great," i.e., longer than the other Shabbatot. Whatever the reason for the name, it is customary to recite part of the Haggadah on Shabbat HaGadol.”

v It seems the activities of Pesach never end, especially when you consider the counting of the omer. Counting the omer is a Biblical command that commemorates the time between the Passover and the giving of the Torah. The days between Pesach and Shavuot is a special time of anticipation because it was on Shavuot that the Torah was given to Yisra’el.

v Here are the listed dates of the Jewish calendar for Pesach: